How to write a Letter

Kinds of letter :- Letter are of three kinds.
1. Personal or Private Letter :- These are written to blood relations, friends and acquaintances. they also include notes
                                                              of invitation.
2. Business Letters :-                    These letters are written to shopkeepers, trading firms and newspapers. They are concise
                                                              and clear cut.
3. Official Letters :-                        These are written to officials, applications for posts also fall within this category.

Points to Remember :- 
                   

1. Write a neat and legible hand. Do not scribble.
2. Begin your letter with what you have to say.
3. Be polite , brief and to the point.
4. Be careful about your spelling, punctuation and grammar 
5. Avoid post-script.

Part of latter :-It has six parts.

1.The heading :Address - top right hand corner, mark the punctuation, how the date is written.
                                                                                                                                       Shree Sai's English Institute,
                                                                                                                                        Education Mandir,
                                                                                                                                        Jodhpur 302 001
                                                                                                                                        20th March.,2010
2.The Salutation : It is written at the left hand side of the page, a line or two lower than the date. The first and last word of the salutation begin the capitals . It rnd with the comma;as,(1) My dear Father,(2) My dear Tom ,

3.The Body : This is the most important part of the letter.The last line of the latter should be treated as paragraph in itself.

4.The subscription : It must begin with capital letter and end with a comma ; as, (1)Your loving son , (2) Your sincerely, Apostrophe is not used with 'Yours'.

5. The name of the write or the signature. It end with a full stop .

6. The Address.

Maintain color precisely

Keep color consistent across different devices and count on reliable output to any media.

Color management

Photoshop simplifies color management by gathering the controls into the Color Settings dialog box and providing predefined settings for the most common workflows.

Color options

Whether you're creating artwork for print or Web, Photoshop lets you choose the color mode that's best for the job. When you're creating imagery for four-color printing, you can work more efficiently--and use a wider range of filters--by creating the art in RGB mode. Use the Gamut Warning command to identify colors that can't be reproduced in CYMK so you won't be disappointed with the results when you convert the finished, flattened file to CMYK.

Precision print controls

Photoshop gives you precise controls for printing full-color images, spot colors, duotones, or grayscale and black-and-white art. For high-end prepress workflows, there are even controls for dot gain, black-plate generation, and more.

Develop a reliable workflow

Keep files moving efficiently from the beginning of the process to the end.

Cross-platform compatibility

Complete cross-platform support ensures a smooth workflow between Windows and Mac OS systems.

WebDAV support

Connect Photoshop to a WebDAV server, and enjoy the benefits of workgroup management. You can streamline collaboration by making sure the entire team has access to the files they need--with no fear that anyone will overwrite updates.

Annotation tools

Attach non-printing review comments or production notes to your Photoshop file with the notes tool, or use the audio annotation tool to record a voice message.

PDF security

Protect your images by assigning passwords to your Photoshop PDF files. Use passwords to keep unauthorized people from opening a document or to disable printing and editing.

Tight integration

The familiar Adobe interface makes it easy to use Photoshop in tandem with other Adobe software.

Automate repetitive tasks

Streamline and simplify the production process by turning time-consuming jobs into automated operations.

Data-driven graphics

Automate the production of repetitive artwork--such as business cards or Web banners--with the Variables feature. Design a template in Photoshop, set elements in the template as variables, and then generate an unlimited number of unique variations quickly by using scripts to replace the variable elements.

File browser

Use the File Browser to quickly organize and retrieve images from your hard drive, external drives, CDs, and disks directly. Rotate images before opening them, batch rename, sort files, and manage image folders--all within the File Browser. The File Browser also displays image metatada, such as date created, date modified, and Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) information from digital cameras.

Actions

Automate routine tasks such as batch processing by recording the steps as an action. Then simply click a button in the Actions palette to apply the action to other projects. For everyday jobs, turn the action into a droplet. Save the droplet on your desktop so that you can simply drag-and-drop to apply the action to individual files or folders of images.

Metadata support

Repurpose, archive, or automate files in a workflow using XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform) format to embed metadata into a document. You can also ensure that image information--such as caption, credits, and copyright--travel with the file.

Enjoy precise typographic control

Photoshop delivers professional-quality type controls to help you create imagery that communicates with precision and style.

Editable text

Text retains its crisp vector edges--and its editability--unless you rasterize it (by applying a filter, for example, or flattening the layers). You can distort it, warp it, and apply layer effects and still use the type tool to retype the text.

Formatting

Use the Character and Paragraph palettes for precise control over individual letters and paragraph formatting.

Spelling checker

Avoid misspelled words with the built-in spelling checker, which includes search-and-replace functionality. You can even check spelling in multiple languages within the same file--to help you create buttons for multilingual Web sites.

Convert to Shapes

Use the Convert to Shapes command to turn type into an instant vector mask.

Stay ahead of deadlines

Photoshop helps you streamline your workflow and meet any production challenge with tools like the File Browser that lets you manage files and folders conveniently.

Create compelling Web designs

Produce exceptional imagery for the Web and wireless devices with Photoshop and ImageReady, which ships with Photoshop.

Slicing

Use the slice tool to create slices by hand, or generate layer-based slices automatically. Apply slice-by-slice formatting and optimization to keep file size small and image quality high.

Optimization tools

The Photoshop Save for Web dialog box and the ImageReady Optimization palette display a side-by-side comparison of format and compression options and let you apply weighted optimization to keep vector edges--type and logos, for example--crisp and clean.

Rollovers palette

Use one convenient palette to view the entire set of rollovers, slices, image maps, and animations in a document, making authoring and navigation easier.

Transparency

Apply instant transparency to Web page elements by knocking out one or more colors. Or apply dithered transparency to create edges that blend into any Web background.

Quick GIF animations

Start with a layered Photoshop file, and use the Animation palette in ImageReady to convert individual layers into frames. Then apply the Tween command to generate additional frames and smooth out the action.

Link generation

To create a URL link, simply select an Image slice--a slice with image data or a rollover state--and enter a URL in the Photoshop Slice Options dialog box or the ImageReady Slice palette.

Enjoy unlimited creative options

With innovative special-effect options and powerful painting and drawing tools, there's no limit to the results you can achieve with Photoshop.

Painting tools

The powerful Photoshop paint engine lets you simulate traditional painting techniques, including charcoal, pastel, and wet or dry brush effects. Choose from the many preset brush styles on the Photoshop CD, or use the Brushes palette to create your own unique effects.

Drawing tools

Draw resolution-independent vector shapes instantly with the line, rectangle, ellipse, polygon, and custom shape tools. Or use the pen tool to draw just as you would in Adobe Illustrator. Because they're vector shapes, you can edit them easily.

Layer effects

Shadows, glows, bevels, embossed effects, and more--with the Layer Styles dialog box, adding three-dimensional effects to a layer is quick and easy. You can apply any combination of layer effects, then save the combination as a style and apply it to other layers instantly. To edit or delete the effect, simply open the Layer Styles dialog box and change the settings.

Color effects

Choose solid colors from swatch libraries, define your own colors in Color palette, or use the gradient tools to create a gradual blend between multiple colors. Use the Layers palette to change the opacity of an image or to apply a blending mode that affects the way the color in one layer interacts with the layers below.

Filters

Photoshop includes more than 95 special effect filters--from fine-art effects, to motion blurs, to lighting effects and distortions.

Pattern Maker

Create seamless patterns automatically. Simply make a selection and apply the Pattern Maker plug-in to generate textures and background patterns.

Transformation tools

Scale, rotate, distort, or skew images easily. Apply the 3D Transform filter to simulate three-dimensional effects such as jar labels and boxes. Use the Liquify command to interactively push, pull, pucker, or bloat an image.

Edit images with ease

Photoshop delivers high-powered image editing, photo retouching, and compositing tools to help you get professional-quality results.

Color correction

Photoshop offers two basic methods for adjusting color in an image. Use the options in the Image > Adjustments menu--including the Auto Color command, which analyzes the image to make instant and reliable color corrections--to change the image permanently. Or use an adjustment layer to apply editable color and tonal corrections.

Healing brush

Effortlessly remove dust, scratches, blemishes, and other flaws with a single tool. The healing brush automatically preserves the shading, lighting, and texture of the original photo.

Selection tools

From the click-and-drag marquee tools, to magnetic selection tools that snap to the edges of an element, to the pen tool that lets you define a shape precisely, Photoshop offers a range of shape-selection options. You can also select by color, using the magic wand or the Color Range command. And the Extract command provides a sophisticated way to isolate a foreground object from the background.

Precision masking

Masks let you hide part of an image, or protect and preserve one section while you apply color changes, filters, or other effects to the rest of the artwork. You can also use masks to save complex selection borders for reuse.

Clipping paths

Use a clipping path to cut a foreground element away from the background--without actually altering the original image.

Sharpening controls

Photoshop's sharpening tools include the powerful Unsharp Mask filter, based on traditional film compositing techniques. Use Unsharp Mask after scaling, rotating, color correcting--any process that affects the pixel structure of an image--to bring the artwork into crisp focus.

Edge smoothing

Use the anti-aliasing option to smooth the jagged edges of a selection, or apply feathering to create soft edges.

Contact sheet generation

Export an entire folder of images on a single page to allow easy cataloging, previewing, and printing. Or use the Picture Package feature to print photos of different sizes on the same page.

Web photo display

Showcase your work online by posting a Web photo gallery. You'll find a collection of ready-made templates on the Photoshop CD to make the job quick and easy--and you can stamp each image with copyright text to help protect against illegal downloads.

Explore state-of-the-art tools

With its comprehensive set of retouching, painting, drawing, and Web tools, Photoshop helps you complete any image-editing task efficiently. And with features like the History palette and editable layer effects, you can experiment freely without sacrificing efficiency.

Work more efficiently

From file management to workspace controls to editing multiple steps at one time--Photoshop gives you the tools you need to keep the work on track and bring it in on deadline.

File Browser

Quickly inspect images before opening them in Photoshop. The easy-to-view File Browser displays thumbnails and metadata such as date modified, dimensions, and EXIF information from your digital camera. You can also use the File Browser to sort files and manage folders.

Layers

With layers, you can work on one element without disturbing others. To rearrange elements, simply shift the order in the Layers palette. You can lock layers to prevent accidental changes, hide them to get a clear view of the element you're working on, and link layers to move them as a group. The Layers palette also makes it easy to apply instant, editable effects including blending modes, adjustment layers, and layer effects.

Options bar

The tool options bar gives you instant access to different settings for the tool you're using. You can also customize any tool and save the customized version to use again.

History palette

Undo or redo multiple steps with the History palette. Or store a snapshot--a temporary copy of the image--in the palette, and continue experimenting. If you don't like the results, simply return to the snapshot. You can also create multiple snapshots, capturing different effects, to compare them easily.

Customizable workspace

Personalize your Photoshop desktop by arranging a layout of palettes and saving the arrangement as a workspace. Or create task-specific workspaces--one to provide easy access to painting tools, for example, and another for photo retouching.

Context-sensitive menus

Get instant access to commands relevant to the active tool, palette, or selection by right-clicking (Windows) or Control-clicking (Mac OS).

Correct Usage Of Correlative Conjunctions part-1

When the Correlative Conjunctions ‘either….or’, ‘neither…nor’, both…and’, ‘not only…but also’, are used, care must be taken to place the first member (i.e., the world ‘either’, neither’, ‘both’,’ ‘not only’) immediately the worlds that are contrasted.

                                Incorrect              Your brother was either there or your cousin.

                                Correct                 Either you brother was there or your cousin. (was there)

                                Incorrect              Nither he is a rouge nor a madman.

                                Correct                 He is neither a rogue nor a madman.

                                Incorrect              He both obtained a prize and a scholarship.

                `               Correct                 He obtained both a prize and a scholarship.

Note :  Verb agrees with the secound subject when there are two subjects.

·         ‘Neither’ is always followed by ‘nor’.

I have neither written to her nor (not or) spoken to her.

Neither his sister nor (not or) his mother met me.

·         ‘Scarcely’ is followed by ‘ when’, and not by ‘than’.

Scarcely had he left when (not than) a storm began to below.

Scarcely had he reached the station when (not than) a storm began to below.

·         ‘No sooner’  is followed by ‘than’, and not by ‘ but’ or ‘when’.

No sooner had the fight begun than (not but) he ran away.

No sooner had he left than (not but) he come back again.

·         ‘Than’ is used as a Subordinating Conjunction. The Subordinate sentence introduced by ‘than’ is generally elliptical. So in order to determine the case of the word after ‘than’, the ellipsis must be supplied.

Incorrect              He is stronger than me.

Correct                 He is stronger than I. [i.e., than I (am strong)]

Note the difference between two sentences :-

(1)    I love you better than him.[=I love you better than (I love him)]

(2)    I love you better than he.[=I love you better than he ( loves you)]

Also Note the following :-

Incorrect              He is as strong as me.

Correct                 He is as strong as I (me)

Incorrect              She can jump as high as me.

Correct                 She can jump as high as I (can jump).